Influence of nitrogen and potassium application on yield and yield components of Rainfed wheat under different rotation managements

In order to evaluate the effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Rainfed-wheat performance a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was conducted at the Dryland Agricultural Research sub Institute for two years and in two crop rotation (wheat-wheat and chickpea-wheat) systems. Experimental factors includes 1- application of nitrogen at four levels N1: without nitrogen, N2: 80 kg/ha urea at planting + 3% urea foliar application, N3: 80 kg/ha urea at planting + 1 liter/ha foliar application of Royal Amine and N4: 80 kg/ha urea at planting time + 40 kg/haas top dressing, and 2- potassium application in four levels, K1: withoutpotassium, K2: 1 % potassium chloride ‌ K3: 1 liter/ha Royal Potassium and K4: ‌50 kg/ha of potassium sulfate. The results showed that in both wheat-wheat and chickpea-wheat rotations, the highest grain yield was obtained from Royal amin fertilizer treatment by 1554.5 and 1670.5 kg/harespectively which compared to the control, they increased by 17.3% and 14.53%, respectively. However, there was not significant differences with  urea top dressing treatment. The highest biological yield was recorded about 7105  kg/hafor Royal Amine and Royal Potassium treatments. Therefore, application of new nitrogen and potassium fertilizers forms such Royal Amine and Royal Potassium at the end of stem elongation stage could improve the wheat performance in cold temperate rainfed conditionswhile reducing environmental hazards.