Prohibition of I’tida` (Aggression) Verse; Including Basic Humanitarian Rules

Holy verse 190 of Sura al-Baqara (Quran 2:190) orders Muslims to fight against those who fight them and do not aggress; since Allah does not like aggressors. There are disagreements among commentators in understanding the above-mentioned verse. In spite of disagreements in exegesis of the beginning of the verse, one could understand from its ending the most important and basic principles of humanitarian law. The author of this article tries to extract some principles from this verse like “segregation and differentiation”, “coordination”, “limitation of armament”, “immunity of captive” and so forth and to show that Sunna of the Prophet (PBUH) and Ḥazrat Amir (AS) support this exegesis; therefore, all behaviors in war which are against humanitarian rules contradict explicitly to the divine revelation and prophetic and Alavid sunna.