Chemolithotroph Bacteria: From Biology to Application in Medical Sciences

Chemolithotrophs are specific bacteria that utilize inorganic compounds as their energy source. These bacteria as the main source of organic molecules have more advantages in various sciences. Unlike phototrophic and organotrophic bacteria which generate their energy via the fascination of sunlight or oxidation of complex organic molecules, chemolithotrophic bacteria can exploit unconventional sources of energy, including various industrial wastes. Therefore, chemolithotroph bacteria play a key role in the remediation of micropollutants such as synthetic hormones, pharmaceutical residues, and sanitary wastes. In addition, secondary metabolites including organic acids, enzymes, and antibiotics derived from these bacteria can be used as pharmaceutical compounds. It seems that the discovery and study of the novel chemolithotrophic bacteria and investigation of their features can be helpful in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Accordingly, it was attempted to present a comprehensive review on chemolithotrophic microbes, their energy sources, and their applications.