The study of the idea of Two-Stage-To-Orbit (TSTO)

To realize the development and exploitation of space, it is necessary to develop low-cost space transportation systems. The development of systems that are fully or partially reusable has been the subject of extensive study since the 1960s. These types of systems are categorized into two main groups: SSTO and TSTO. The TSTO launcher has fewer requirements than the SSTO because the responsibility for achieving a successful mission will be divided into both stages; therefore, the dry-mass of the TSTO second-stage has been reduced compared whit the SSTO for delivering a payload with the same weight. In this paper, a first-time launcher is introduced; then describes how the launcher completes the mission. The following are basic subsystems of this launcher are introduced, and a brief explanation is given to each other. Finally, some of the most important examples of this type of launcher are named and the characteristics of each are presented.