Optimization of tissue culture conditions for micropropagation of MM111 apple rootstocks

Plant tissue culture technology is used for large-scale multiplication of the plants. In vitro propagation methods of MM111 apple rootstock, often produce plants with accelerated growth. This research was performed with the aim of optimizing in vitro propagation conditions for MM111 rootstocks and survey effect of basal media and different plant growth regulators on proliferation and rooting in three separate experiments. In first experiment; the effect of five different basal media culture including, MS, 1.5MS, 2MS, WPM and B5, on proliferated shoot number and length, in second experiment; the effects of plant growth regulators BAP and TDZ in various concentrations (0, 2.2, 4.4 and 8.8 µM) on shoot number, shoot length, node number, internode number and internode length, in third experiment; the effect of two basal media types (MS and ½MS) supplemented with two auxin types in different concentrations (0, 7.35, 14.7 and 22.05 µM) of IBA and in different concentrations of NAA (0, 8.05, 16.11 and 24.16 µM ) during darkness for three and four days, on root number and root length were studied. Hardening of the rootstocks in coarse perlite, fine perlite, perlite and peat moss (1:1) and peat moss separately was surveyed. According to the results, highest proliferation rate (13.66 shoots per explant) was observed in 2MS medium. In the second experiment, BAP was more effective than TDZ on proliferation rate and number of nodes, and reduced internode length. The highest proliferation rate (8.66 shoots per explant) was observed in BAP (4.4 µM). According to the results obtained from third experiment, The highest root number (2.65 root per explant) was observed in MS medium supplemented with 8.05 µM NAA.