Criteria and Principles for Recognizing the Starting Points of Hajj and Their Parallels from the Perspective of Islamic Denominations Jurisprudence

Criteria and principles of recognizing the parallels of the starting points of Hajj, as one of the first issues in the book of Al-Hajj, is a topic on which the views are not very clear from the perspective of Islamic denominations jurisprudence and no comprehensive and integrated research has been done. Therefore, the question of the criteria and principles for recognizing the parallels of the starting points of Hajj and Umrah from the perspective of Islamic denominations jurisprudence is an issue that needs to be explored until a suitable answer is found. The discrepancy between Islamic jurists in adopting different principles and criteria for imagining the parallels of the starting points of Hajj has led to differences in their rulings about distinguishing the parallels of the starting points of Hajj. According to the author's reviews, there are seven principles and criteria in this regard. Analysis of these theories and also the review and critique of their arguments show that a combination of the criteria of circles and valleys can be the best and only way to explain the parallels of the starting points of Hajj correctly, of course, by knowing the latitude and longitude and expert guidance. This research has been carried out with the aim of understanding the statements and views of the jurists of Islamic denominations and the limits of the principles by correctly explaining the parallels of the starting points of Hajj. Achieving this goal is possible in the light of describing and analyzing the propositions of the jurisprudence of Islamic denominations by collecting library data, the result of which is to identify a correct and accurate criterion of the parallels of the starting points of Hajj, and to explain it in the form of some geometric shapes.