Investigation of Adsorption Isotherm of Modified Graphene Oxide by ‎Organic Dendrimers to Remove Butachlor Pecticides from Aqueous ‎Solution

The entry of herbicides into drinking water supply sources can have devastating effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, removal of them from the aquatic environment is essential, in order to preserve the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the isotherm absorption of graphene oxide modified by organic dendrimers to remove Butachlor toxin from the aquatic environment. In the present study, operating magnetic graphene oxide was produced by absorption of covalent bonds and used as adsorbent. Synthetic adsorbent properties were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, VSM and EDS. Also, the effects of pH parameters, contact time, contaminant concentration, adsorbent amount, temperature and reusability on adsorption absorption capacity were investigated and optimal conditions were determined. The absorption results were described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and kinetic adsorption models by first-order and quasi-second-order models and thermodynamic equations. The results indicated that functionalized graphene oxide effectively absorbs Butachlor and absorption percentage is significantly affected by the examined parameters. By increasing the time to 45 minutes, increasing the pH to 5, increasing the amount of adsorbent to 3 g/L and the concentration of Butachlor toxin to 10 mg/L and increasing the temperature to 25 ⁰C, the rate of absorption of Butachlor toxin has increased to 95.4%. Toxin absorption increased from 37 to 50 ⁰C, and after ten re-uses of the adsorbent, the absorption rate decreased by only 6.5%. Under optimal conditions, the adsorbent was able to remove 86.3% of Butachlor toxin in the real sample with a standard deviation of 6.06%. The Langmuir isotherm described the absorption process well (R2 = 0.99). Synthesized nano-adsorbent is an efficient, powerful and heat-sensitive adsorbent for removing Butachlor from the aquatic environment.