An Analysis of Land Use Changes and Thermal Island Formation in Urmia City exclusion Using Remote Sensing

Population growth and urbanization are factors influencing the increase in air temperature in urban areas, which creates an thermal island in these areas relative to the surrounding area. These changes lead to the formation of a city's thermal island. A phenomenon in which urban areas experience warmer temperatures than their surroundings. Remote sensing with the use of infrared thermal radiation and the use of physical models is a suitable tool for calculating the surface temperature in vast areas. In this research, that of terms methodological, descriptive-analytic and in terms of purpose, the ETM+ Sensor of Landsat 7 satellite imagery and OLI and TIRS Sensor of Landsat 8 Satellite used to determine the Formation range of Thermal Island in Urmia city and The relationship between land use changes and the formation of thermal islands, during the period of 2010 to 2018.  As well as the support vector machine classification method was used to extract land use in three classes of residential, Vegetation and gardening and agricultural.Surveys show that the temperature in residential areas in 2010 was 32.90 degrees Celsius in the warm season, which reached 35.17 degree in 2018. That is an increase of 2.27 ° C. However, the area of residential areas is also showing an increasing trend and increased by6.09%. In 2010, garden lands and vegetation cover is 43.53 percent of the total land area and agricultural lands is 39.36 percent of the total land area, which will be 40.49% and 36.30% respectively in 2018. These values ​​in2018 are 40.49% and 36.30% of the area, that means a decreasing trend. Therefore, It can be concluded that agricultural and agricultural lands have been declining as a result of increasing residential areas. There is also a significant relationship between the surface coverage and the surface temperature of the study area, which indicates the formation of heat island on coatings made in the city exclusion.