Evaluation of Adaptability and Stability of Root Yield and White Sugar Yield (Beta vulgaris L.) in Sugar Beet Genotypes using Multivariate AMMI and GGE Biplot Method

To evaluate the adaptability and stability of root yield and white sugar yield in sugar beet genotypes, 47 sugar beet genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with six replications in four regions of Hamedan, Kermanshah, Shiraz, and Mashhad at 2019 crop year. In order to analyze the pattern of genotype by environment interaction, additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model and GGE biplot graphical method was used. The results of additive main effects (analysis of variance) and multiplicative interactions (principal component analysis) showed that the effect of genotype, environment, and genotype in environment interaction on root yield and white sugar yield were significant (p-value < 1%). The results showed that the first two components explained 89.10 and 95.48% of the variance of the interaction for root yield and white sugar yield, respectively. The biplot diagram of the first main interaction component and mean of root yield and white sugar yield for genotypes and environments showed that genotypes 28, 26, and 43 with higher than average total yields and lowest values for the first interaction component Known as stable genotypes, Based on the results of the two-dimensional diagram related to the first two main components of the interaction of genotype in the environment, Genotype No. 24 had the highest specific adaptability for Hamedan, Shiraz and Mashhad locations in term of root yield and white sugar yield. While genotype 46 in terms of root yield and genotype 36 in terms of white sugar yield showed good specific adaptability to the Kermanshah environment. Also, genotype No. 37 in terms of root yield and genotype 44 in terms of white sugar yield had higher general compatibility than other genotypes. Compared to foreign control cultivars, hybrids 28, 26, and 43 had suitable root yield, white sugar yield, and stability, and their selection is recommended for future breeding programs.