Application of Plant Geminiviruses in the Manufacture of Plant Based Vaccines

Plants are a safe, efficient, and inexpensive production medium through which vaccines and other therapeutic proteins can be prepared for poor and developing countries. Plant virus-based expression vector technology has quickly become one of the most popular ways to express medicinal proteins in plants. In this study, several oral vaccines prepared in the world is reviewed and then the advanced expression system based on viruses, especially Geminiviruses and viruses in plants to make vaccines is discussed. This review also provides an overview of the benefits of single-stranded and small-stranded DNA viruses and compares their benefits for the expression of drug proteins with other expression systems in other plant viruses. The following is a breakthrough in the design of several different viral expression vectors of mutiny, Geminiviruses and viruses in the world and in Iran, and examples of vaccines and other biological materials produced from each are described. Finally, the benefits and challenges of producing oral vaccines in medical science are discussed.