Analysis of Spatial-temporal Trend in Climatology Variable by Using GIS and Statistical Technic (A case study: Southern-Khorasan Province)

Climate changing and spatial and temporal variation that influences Agricultural productivity efficiency, food security, water quality, and quantity that economics, health, and welfare local community are reduced. Understanding this object is very important in Southern Khorasan with 43% of the rural population. In this research, the spatial (31 Station in southern Khorasan province) - temporal (2027-time series, monthly, seasonal and annual) trend in rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, number of rainy and frost day, evaporation, sunshine hours, relative humidity, maximum rainfall in a day are studied in 1989-2015 and 1975-2015 periods. Data are analyzed using Standard Index, Mann-Kendall test, linear regression, Sen’s slope estimator, and using ArcGIS10.3 and GS+ software. The results show that slope of variation in rainfall, minimum Temperature, number of frost days, and average rainfall in rainy day variations are more than other parameters. Negative (decreasing) trends and level of significance depending on the parameter type, station position, and length of the statistical period. Spatial and temporal variations in monthly time series have been irregular and complex. The general Trend direction is Drought, warmer summers, and colder winters.