The Effect of Phosphorous Fertilizer splitting on Morphological Charcters, Yield, and Yield Components of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars (Hashemi and Guilaneh)

Phosphorus (P), is the second important nutrient for rice that its deficiency and low application efficiency causes severe nutrient disorder in the world paddy fields. Therefore, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer splitting on morphological characters, yield, and yield components of two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Guilaneh) in two soil type was investigated by a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included time division of phosphorus fertilizer at five levels, two soil types, and two rice varieties (local Hashemi and modified Guilaneh). Results showed that the grain yield of Hashemi cultivar in two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 60th day after transplantion) incresed 14.9% and the grain yield of Guilaneh cultivar in two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 20th day after transplantion) incresed 8.42% as compared to the base application treatment. The maximum increase in filled grain percentages were found to be 9.1% for Hashemi cultivar and two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 20th day after transplanting) and 18.3% for Guilaneh cultivar and two-division treatment (50% at the base and 50% at 60th day after transplanting) in silty clay soil.  Hence, the two-split application of P might be a solution to enhance the rice grain yield at paddy field conditions.