Political Development Challenges in Saudi Arabia Under Bin Salman with Emphasis on The Bernard Kerik Model

The concept of development and its application in the political system of Saudi Arabia has always faced deep challenges due to the establishment of a conservative monarchy. This issue has made it very difficult to achieve development in this country, especially with the full support of traditional Wahhabism as the most important religious authority legitimizing the Saudi Kings. Although Muhammad bin Salman's presence in power and his profound reformist policies promised the transition of a traditional Saudi society towards a developed system, in practice Bin Salman's actions show the intensification of challenges and it led to the deepening of some crises in foreign and even domestic arenas. In this article, the main question is: What are the most important challenges to Saudi Arabia's political development with an emphasis on the bin Salman? The authors' hypothesis is based on the principle that despite some structural and even profound religious reforms of Ibn Salman, the country is still under an authoritarian system. Findings of the article by using the Bernard Kerik model, the use of library resources and descriptive analytical methods show that political development in the Saudi regime faces eleven fundamental problems that have made the realization of political development in this country impossible. In the following, we will deal with the 6 aforementioned problems.