Effect of Fe and Zn Nano-fertilizers on some growth, biochemical and accumulation of some essential elements in Saintpaulia ionatha

Approprate application of nutrients especially as organic and Nano-fertilizers has an important role in increasing the quantity and quality of crops. Nano-fertilizers can be substituted for conventional fertilizers. The application of nano fertilizers, especially specialized nano fertilizers, for different plant groups is increasing. The deformation of nanoscale materials changes their physical, chemical, biological, and catalytic activities. The special surface area of most nanoscale materials including nano fertilizers, enhances their chemical and biological activity. This experiment was carried out in Amirkala to evaluate the effect of Fe and Zn Nano-fertilizers on some traits of Saintpaulia ionatha in 2016. The plantlets were cultivated in the bed containing cocopeat, perlite, jungle humus and sieved tea soil (in ratio of 1:2:3:2). Fe and Zn Nano-fertilizers were used in concentrations of 0.00, 1.00 and 2.00 g/1000. Irrigation (containing Nano-fertilizers) was done using a 10 ml syringe and directly on the pot surface soil. The effect of these Nano-fertilizers was significant at 0.05 probably level on all traits. Results showed that the highest plant height, pedicle length and diameter, also maximum leaf number, pedicle number and floret number and the highest content of Fe were obtained in plants treated with 2 g/l of Zn Nano-chelate together with the combination of 1 g of Fe and Zn Nano-chelates. Increasing trend in fresh and dry weight parameters was not observed under all concentrations of nano chelates of zinc, iron and control. The highest fresh weight (22 g) and dry weight (5.1 g) were obtained in plants treated with 1 g/l Zn nanochlorate (21%). Finally, the highest amount of iron (306 ppm) was obtained from the leaves treated with 2 grams per liter of nanochelate (21%) with the combination of 1 g/l of nanochelate Zn and iron. The flowers in the plants treated with 2 g/l of zinc nano chelate with the combination of 1 g of zinc nano chelate and iron were clearly fresher, fuller, and harder. The results of present study recommend the use of 2 g/l of zinc nano chelate (21%) combined with 1 g/l zinc and iron nano chelate to enhance morphological and biochemical parameters of African violet. In this treatment, flowering time (floral period) was faster than the other treatments and flowering duration was longer than the other treatments.