Sturgeon caviar and cardiovascular diseases, Caspian Sea wild and farmed beluga, Huso huso caviar and their lipid quality indices

The objective was to investigate the detailed information about proximate, fatty acid compositions and lipid quality indices in the caviar of wild and farmed beluga, Huso huso from Iran. The fatty acid composition varied with origin of caviars, although did no differ in proximate compositions. The most notable difference (P<0.05) was the higher concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) in farmed beluga caviar (8.32%) than in wild ones (0.37%). The amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) in wild and farmed caviars (23.88% and 23.75% respectively) were not different (P>0.05). There were significantly differences between samples in the amount of eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n-3), arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and docosapentaenoic (C22:5n-3) acids (P<0.05). The total ω-3 in wild and farmed caviars were 38.42% and 30.42% (P>0.05). Total ω-6 was higher in farmed samples (P<0.05). The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 was higher in wild (2.90) than in farmed (1.75) samples (P<0.05). It was also true for, AI content (0.29 and 0.28) and TI (0.18 and 0.21) and also PI content (1.73 and  1.46) respectively, however the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The present study indicated that, fatty acids profile in beluga caviars can be used as an index to determine fish origin and diet. Also farmed beluga caviar has good balanced with lipid quality indices to decrease the potential risk of coronary heart diseases and like wild ones could be considered as a good food sources.