Sociological explanation of the process of formation of new reference groups and their impact on the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades

Today, with the intensification of the process of modernity and postmodernity, the production and growth of various technologies, followed by increasing changes in various areas of social, economic, cultural and .... Meanwhile, influential reference groups in the field of citizenship ethics have undergone important changes, including changes in their patterns, methods and values. The present study, with regard to this important issue and with the aim of "sociological explanation of the process of formation of new reference groups and their impact on the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades" in a qualitative way in the academic year 99-98 was implemented. The theoretical framework of the research was formed by combining the theories of "Durkheim, Parsons, Habermas, Giddens, Wallerstein, Merton and Saifullah's approach". Purposeful sampling was used and data were collected by interview technique and a semi-structured questionnaire. The study population was the professors of the two faculties of social sciences of Tehran Azad University and the center of science and research. The sample size was up to data saturation interview (21 people). Based on the findings, citizenship in Iran in the true sense was not formed and the situation of citizenship ethics in Iran was assessed as weak. Also, factors within the community, external factors, cyberspace and mass media have influenced the formation of new reference groups in the last three decades in Iran. New reference groups have also been influential in the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran over the past three decades.