Investigation of the most important genetic changes affecting papillary thyroid cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer, which has been reported as the most common malignancy among endocrine cancers, has a growing prevalence in terms of the number of patients in recent decades, due to its high percentage (about 80%). In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to identify the mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis and genetic factors involved in its development, with the aim of using molecular changes as markers in the field, used as different prognosis, diagnosis and treatment tools.
However, despite all the efforts, no remarkable progress has been made so far that leads to their use in the clinical field, and it is hoped that in the near future molecular methods can be used as practical solutions to manage various dimensions of thyroid cancer.
In this review article, we briefly review the molecular factors, especially the signaling pathways involved in the development of papillary thyroid cancer.