Moral Intelligence: moral thinking and moral action in "Michele Borba: and "Lennick and Kiel" models

Michele Borba (2001) and Doug Lennick and Fred Kiel (2005) suggested two models of moral psychology. This paper tries to investigate moral intelligence and evaluate these two models. Both models have remarkable similarities. On the other hand, these two models have differences in their aims, methods and theoretical domains. These models are subjected to some critiques; they do not present any clear philosophical and/ or scientific explanation for their foundations. The essence of virtues and the methodology they are selected is also questionable. Besides, conceptual definition and conceptual relevance of moral virtues seems neglected in both models. This is notable that these models connect moral thinking with moral action, while the gap between moral theory and practice is an important challenge in the areas of philosophy and psychology.