Water Erosion Reactivity from Some Climatic Factors

Water and wind erosion is one of the most important causes of soil loss. Understanding these interactions is essential for estimating soil quality and environmental impacts in areas with both types of soil erosion. Numerous factors affect the occurrence and process of water erosion. In this regard, dynamic climatic factors such as rainfall and wind have the most prominent role. Accordingly, water erosion control will be effective when sufficient knowledge is available about the effective factors. In this regard, the present manuscript has tried to address this issue from a different perspective and discuss the effects of different climatic factors on water erosion by analytically reviewing existing literature. The results of the review showed that among the climatic factors affecting water erosion, the role of rainfall on runoff production and soil loss had been paid more attention, and the role of other variables such as wind on behavioral changes in water erosion has not been considered. While in the presence of wind, the behavior of raindrops is changing and undoubtedly affects the process of water erosion and hydrological components. Changes in droplet diameter, velocity, angle of attack, and kinetic energy of rain can play an essential role in changing water erosion, especially splash erosion. However, accurate identification of effective and influential factors can provide beneficial analysis to experts, managers, and executives for modeling and ultimately proper management of the water erosion process.