Secondary Intentions of Meanings and Expression in Attar's Logic of Birds

The theme of "Logic of Birds" written by Attar Neishabouri is description of the quest of the mystics in reaching the world of unity and God (Simorgh) by guidance of Hoopoe (old, guide). This article examines the secondary intentions of meanings, expression and novelty (eloquence and rhetoric) in Attar's Logic of Birds by expressing rhetorical aspects or secondary goals other than the purpose in the form of poetry. Undoubtedly, in rhetoric, every poet is forced to use imaginary forms in his poetry, and Attar has expressed these imaginary forms well by using similes, metaphors, and allegories. According to the research findings, from the eloquence or semantics perspectives, the frequency of expressing boasting through the language of hoopoe, as well as the expression of helplessness and confession of incapacity from the language of birds, are secondary goals for Attar. In terms of rhetoric, since birds represent human character and behavior, personification is superior to any other imaginary form. Various similes and the use of its allegories also express the glorious language and aesthetics of Attar's poetry.