TThe Policy of the Umayyad Caliphs in Dealing With the Levant dhimmīs (661–750 Ad): The Christian Society

The Umayyad Caliphate adjusted its social policies in the Levant region according to the situation and necessities of the society. The economic and social influence of People of the Book (ahl al-kitāb) in a society with a wide range of racial and ethnic diversity was crucial. The Umayyad's policies toward the Christian society in the Levant can shed light on the pattern of relationships between the government and the People of the Book during this period. In this article, we try to study these policies by the descriptive-analytical method. The result shows that Umayyads established two types of policies on dhimmīs: tolerance and sanction.