Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicles' Parking Lots in Distribution Systems Considering Urban Traffic

Parking lots for Electric Vehicles (EVs) can pave the way for a better utilization of EVs' battery capacity due to the large number of EVs. However, the location and size of parking lots will affect the condition of the distribution network. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for locating and determining the optimal capacity of EVs' parking lots while considering the constraints of distribution network and the traffic patterns of different urban areas. In the proposed model, the purpose of trips, the number of EVs', and their arrival and departure time in different areas are considered. Distribution network constraints are also taken into account by using linearized load flow equations. The objective of the model was maximizing the profit of parking owners. The model was implemented in a distribution system with 37 buses which covered four different areas in terms of EVs' travel type. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed model for locating EVs' parking lots.