Impact of Air Pollution on Urological Cancer

Air pollution has been a common problem of recent decades, across various parts of the globe. The air pollution impact on health outcomes such as cardiovascular incidences and mortalities and lung and child cancers has been widely investigated and recognized. However, the effect on urological cancers is less studied and still under controversy. The performed studies are mainly implemented in the occupational environments, and there is a lack of knowledge, in the general population. Moreover, the few studies in the general population suffer from short follow-ups and a limited set of controlled confounders. Accordingly, future studies on the air pollution-urological cancers association need to overcome the follow-up and confounding inadequacies and being carried out in the general population.