Synergic effects of endurance training and octopamine on oxidative stress in the cerebellum of male rats treated with Deep frying oils

Deep frying oil (DFO) are a method used in many fast foods. High heat has changed the structure of  oil, which can affect people's health. Fried oils can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can play an important role in many pathological conditions. ROS in cerebellar tissue can cause oxidative stress and damage nerve cells.Regular physical activity, as a necessity for a healthy life, can affect all organs and systems of the body, and has a valuable role in the functioning of the central nervous system and they are effective in preventing or delaying the death of cerebellar cells.Also the use of some supplements, such as herbal supplements, can increase the antioxidant effects of exercise, which can affect the cerebellum tissue and neutralize the oxidative damage caused by harmful foods . In general , along with endurance training, a variety of herbal remedies can be prescribed. Octopamine has been reported to modulate some neurophysiological processes due to its stimulant function, which increases the efficiency of physical function in endurance training, so it can be used as a supplement. Therefore, due to the increase in consumption of foods prepared with DFO ,The present study aimed to review the effects of aerobic exercise and octopamine supplement on the activity of SOD and MDA concentration in cerebellar tissue of rats fed with DFO.

This experimental study, was conducted on 30 adult male wistar  rats average aged 20 weeks  with an average weight of 300-350 gr  . The subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups: Healthy  Control, DFO Control, exercise+DFO , DFO+octopamine , DFO+exercise+octopamine . At the beginning of the first week, the subjects were exposed to DFO poisoning  0.1cc  per 100 gr of  body weight by Gavage. The rats received the intraperitoneal injection of octopamine (81 mMol / kg /day) for 4  weeks, 5 days per week.  Training was done for 4 weeks, 5 days a week and 20 minutes per day at a speed of 26 m/minute aerobic exercises. After 4 weeks, all rats were anesthetized with respiratory chloroform and histoplasty  was performed and MDA and SOD levels were measured on samples fixed cerebellum. Finally, descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk tests, two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc using SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

DFO intake significantly increased MDA concentration and decreased SOD activity (p<0.01). Exercise significantly reduced cerebellar MDA concentration (F=174.87, P=0.001). Octopamine supplementation had a significant reduction in cerebellar MDA concentration (F=211.61, P=0.001). The interaction of exercise and octopamine supplementation had a significant decrease on cerebellar MDA concentration more than the effect of each intervention alone (F=4.39, P=0.049).Exercise significantly increased cerebellar SOD activity (F=200.65, P=0.001). Octopamine supplementation had the effect of increasing cerebellar SOD activity (F=99.79, P=0.001). The interaction of exercise and octopamine supplementation also had a significant increase in cerebellar SOD activity more than the effect of each intervention alone (F=22.87, P=0.001).

The results of this study showed that endurance training combined with octopamine consumption can reduce the oxidative damage caused by unhealthy diets such as deep-heated oils in brain tissue. The reception of deep frying oils by reducing the activity of SOD enzyme and increasing the concentration of MDA causes the development of oxidative pressure in cerebellum tissue.SOD are the front line of defense against oxygen-induced damage (ROS). These proteins reduce free radicals that damage cells in excessive concentrations. MDA which is the result of peroxidation of lipids, especially membrane lipids, as one of the most important mediators of free radical damage, can easily and extensively bind or break down important biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, which can lead to a variety of diseases.Regular endurance training can lead to the adaptation of the antioxidant system and improve the capacity of this system in the detoxification reaction, or in other words, the neutralization of active species of oxygen and nitrogen. Also, the use of herbal supplements such as octopamine is able to increase the antioxidant effects of exercise, which can affect the cerebellum tissue and neutralize the oxidative damage caused by harmful foods. Due to its stimulant function, octopamine modulates some neurophysiological processes that increase the efficiency of physical function in endurance training. Endurance training and octopamine alone reduced the oxidative pressure created and, when applied simultaneously, enhanced each other's effect. Based on this, it is found that in the conditions of induction of oxidation pressure induced by DFO, these two interventions have a neuroprotective effect and enhance each other synergistically.