Analysis and Study of the Levels of Monotheistic Theology in Zoroastrianism

The issue of monotheism or dualism of Zoroastrians is one of the most challenging issues in Zoroastrianism. Monotheism, i.e knowing or considering God as one, has levels and manifestations such as monotheism in the necessity of existence, creation, worship, lordship, and so on. Mentioning the levels and manifestations of monotheism is very important in the present discussion; because most of the writers who have researched the subject of monotheism in Zoroastrianism have not clarified which of the levels of monotheism is considered as a criterion. On the one hand, this has led to various and even contradictory views, and on the other hand, it has led to the denial of Zoroastrian writers. The leading article by using an analytical-critical method and referring to Zoroastrian scriptures including Gahan is dedicated to the discussion of three levels of monotheism: monotheism in the necessity of existence, the creation and the worship, and finally shows that it is difficult in Zoroastrianism to accept monotheism in all its levels. for example, we can refer to monotheism in creation, which is denied in Zoroastrianism.