Pattern analysis of Genotype × Environment Interaction for Seed Yield in Sunflower using Multivariate Method of Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction

The genotype × environment interaction is a major challenge in the study of quantitative traits because it reduces yield stability in different environments and also it complicates the interpretation of genetic experiments and is difficult to makes predictions. In this regard, to analysis of genotype × environment interaction and determine the yield stability of sunflower genotypes, 11 new sunflower hybrids along with 4 cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in four experimental field stations (Karaj, Sari, Kermanshah and Dezful) during two cropping seasons. In order to analysis of genotype × environment interaction was used the multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). The results of combined analysis of variance indicated that 57.68, 7.60 and 16.93 percent of total variation were related to the environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects, respectively. Also, the results showed that the first five principal components of AMMI were significant and described 97.64% of the variance of genotype × environment interaction. Based on biplot graph of mean seed yield and the first interaction principle, the genotypes G3 and G5 were identified as a high yield and stable genotypes. Also, the Dezful and Kermanshah environments due to their high interaction were recognized as the most ideal environments for distinguishing and separating sunflower genotypes. The cluster analysis of the studied environments was divided into two groups. According to the results of cluster analysis, Karaj, Sari, Kermanshah and Dezful locations were located in a group that indicates these locations had the high predictability and repeatability power.