The role of conceptual metaphor in constructing and selecting metaphor in the poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Nader Naderpour based on Lakoff, and Johnson theory

Relatively good research on conceptual metaphor has been done so far in political, media and literary texts. In the present study, a conceptual metaphor has been studied in poetic texts. The main questions of the research are: What is the role of conceptual metaphor in constructing and selecting metaphors in Shamloo and Naderpour poems? Can it be accepted that metaphor is a tool to represent certain concepts such as gender in these poems? In this study, data are extracted from the poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Naderpour and analyzed based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Likaf and Johnson. The results show that there are different concepts including gender concepts in Shamloo and Naderpour poems, but the degree of sexuality in Shamloo poems is much more than Naderpour poems because the semantic context of war in the conceptual metaphors of Shamloo poems is more than Naderpour's poems. Therefore, the results indicate that the effective factors in constructing and selecting metaphors in gender poems are the poet's attitude and thought, his feelings and the social atmosphere of the poets' time, and of course the gender factor plays an important role in constructing and selecting metaphors.