مجله زبانشناسی و گویش های خراسان
پیاپی 31 (تابستان 1402)

A Study on the Characters of “ Souvashoon ” through the Lens of Simpson ’s Narrative Stylistics and Halliday’s Functional GrammarAbstractThis paper employs Halliday Functional Grammar and Simpson ' s framework to conduct a stylistic analysis of Simin Daneshvar ' s " Souvashoon ". The analysis utilizes Systemic Functional Grammar to examine the novel's ideational and experiential meta function, verbal processes, and Mood. Additionally, Simpson's narrative stylistics is employed to analyze the characters, sociolinguistic codes, textual structure, and intertextuality. Data for this research is collected using library methods. The results indicate a significant correlation between word choice, verbal processes, Mood, and the representation of characters in " Souvashoon ". Based on these findings and evaluations, it is evident that the representation of characters can be discerned through an investigation of sociolinguistic codes, textual structures, and intertextuality.Keywords: Narrative Stylistics, Simpson, Functional Grammar, Halliday, " Souvashoon ", Character s

Object complement construction as one of the most important and challenging categories of grammar has been noticed by linguists and grammarians from past to present. The present study investigates the Object complement construction based on three basic hypotheses: Small Clause Theory, Predication Theory, and Complex Predicate Theory. Most of the linguists and grammarians who have studied Object complement construction in the Persian language have presented a similar view of the Predication theory. The findings of this study revealed that the analysis of the Object complement construction within the framework of Predication Theory is incompatible with the principles of the Government and Binding theory and Minimalist Program, such as the Theta criterion, Projection principle, and Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH). The analysis of the mentioned construction based on the complex predicate theory on the one hand ignores the principle of linguistic economy and productivity process by increasing the number of compound verbs in Persian, and on the other hand, it ignores the propositional relationship between the Object complement construction and the preceding noun phrase. In the following, based on small clause theory and arguments such as argument alternation, selection restriction, the ambiguity of the interrogative complex sentences, occurrence in different syntactic contexts, idiom chunk, agreement, paraphrasing, sentence fragment, scrambling, gapping pronominalization, and the distribution of NP-types as subjects of small clause construction was shown Object complement together with the preceding noun phrase should be considered a single constituent as a small clause.

Examining the structure of Stress in the Mashhad dialect can reveal some characteristics of this dialect. In most of the researches related to Stress in the Persian language, Stress is a morphological category and it is examined in relation to the components of speech, but the present research tries to investigate the existing differences of Stress in the grammatical category of nouns based on the type and weight of the syllable within the framework of Moraic theory. Finally, it was observed that the distribution of stress in the Mashhad dialect is not only dependent on the grammatical category, but in the grammatical category of the noun, construction and type of syllables, their lightness and weight, have a direct effect on the type of stress. They have a fundamental role. It was observed that a heavy syllable in the vicinity of a light syllable takes the emphasis, unless we see the insertion of a vowel and the break of the super heavy syllable in the heavy syllable, in which case the emphasis is assigned to the light syllable. In the vicinity of two identical heavy and ultra-heavy syllables, the first syllable and the syllable with a cluster of two initial consonants are relied on.

Vowel reduction has been significantly investigated and classified in previous studies, especially by Crosswhite (2000), Harris (2005) and Anderson (1996). The present study was conducted aiming to describe the vowel reduction of /a/ to /e/ after affixation, which is observed in Mazinani Persian Dialect (Sabzvar-Khorasan Razavi) in the framework of Optimality Theory. Then, its compatibility to the aforementioned classifications was tested to explain the reduction. According to generalization obtained from the Optimality analysis, the vowel change /a/ to /e/ occurs in syllables the stress of which is lost after affixation and coumpounding. However, If there is a glottal consonant such as /h/ or /Ɂ/ adjucent to /a/, the reduction will not take place. In addition, the compatibility analysis showed that Crosswhite's classification can be used to justify the happening reduction. In other words, the described reduction was classified as a sonority-driven change. On the other hand, the analysis based on the [AIU] model showed that the /a/ to /e/ reduction implies the process of headedness-reversal. According to Crosswhite, the category [A] can not be the head of the vowel which is located in the nucleus of an unstressed syllable; of course, an opposite example was observed in the reduction of /α/ to /o/ in Mazinani Dialect. The comparison between the dialect's data and their equivalent in Standard Persian showed that these two varriant of Persian behave opposite to each other.

Rahesh is the last novel written by Reza Amirkhani. He tried to reflect his concerns about the disproportionate development of Tehran in this novel. As other works written by Amirkhani, Rahesh was also published many times and even won the Ale-Ahmad literary reward; the point which indicates its importance. Hence, in the present article we tried to study this novel with a look at Barthes's theory of narrative codes. To do this, first of all we determined the five codes (with emphasis on semic, symbolic and cultural codes) in selected lexias and analyzed them. Then, in order to understand it's hidden and apparent significations, we criticized the deconstructed text with a look at the concept of ideology. The results of this analysis show that applying Barthes' method beside using a trans-textual reading, can illuminate the dark parts of the text, for example in this article we concluded that Rahesh, like readerly texts doesn't pay attention to readers. Also some binary oppositions like nature/city, purity/impurity and tradition/modernity form from the beginning of the story and continue and expand to the end of it; oppositions which are taken for granted by the narrator. Besides that, the narrator tries to make false oppositions and biased characterization in order to hide some parts of reality or even reversing it. These features, make Rahesh an Idiological text.

Nowadays, television programs are an inseparable part of life and animation has a special place in these programs, in such a way that the audience is unconsciously exposed and influenced by persuasive communication. The main goal of the current study is to investigate the techniques of persuasion in the construction of linguistic value concepts in the animation of Shekarestan, in which linguistic tools such as allegory and proverbs, which are intertextuality topics, are used to convey concepts and persuade the viewer. The current research, which is conducted on eight episodes of the animation of Shekarestan, is of a descriptive-analytical type, and its purpose is to present the results of the study of the representation of cultural values in Iranian animation to influence children's cognitive behavior. The findings revealed that in every part of Shekarestan, an attempt has been made to convey and induce the message to the audience by using specific discourse, cultural beliefs and various persuasion techniques. The results show that among the techniques of persuasion, topicalization, repetition, flattery, exaggeration, and explicit claims are more used to represent cultural values.

A structural view of literary works by examining the elements within the text and discovering their pattern of connection, provides a more appropriate context for the nature of literature, and by providing techniques for creating superior literary works can help to develop patterns of literary work processing. Thus, in order to study the structure and content of the text of Al-Bashir ibn Salameh's four novels, it is necessary to first extract its outline, and then analyze it. In the analysis of the novel to the original design, the elements and texts of the novels are as important as the participation in the chain of events and their role in constructing the climaxes. The power of a realistic novel like the ones mentioned above lies in the number of complete sequences and how the arrangement and causal relationship is established between them. The number of main sequences usually depends on the number of story climaxes. Each character plays a role throughout the novel with several sequences, but not all of them play a central role in creating the main structure of the story. Thus, the present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining and criticizing the content of Al-Bashir Ibn Salameh's four novels. One of the achievements of this research is that "Al-Bashir Ibn Salameh" by using the technique of description and its various methods and tools, in addition to succeeding in conveying the content and emotions and inner states of the novel characters to the reader, well him in the course of events. Has placed the novel and presented a very tangible picture of the atmosphere of the novel.

Analyzing literary works based on linguistic frameworks is one of the ways of systematic study of these works. In this research, an attempt is made to examine Dehkhoda's poems based on Leach's norm deviation model, which includes eight types of norm deviation (phonetic, temporal, stylistic, dialectal, semantic, syntactic, written, and lexical). Different methods of norm avoidance and deconstruction of Ibtahaj's poetry have been analyzed and investigated to create poetic images. The results showed that Dehkhoda used the eight types of Leach's non-normative deviation and was able to make his language stand out in this way. In the meantime, he has used time avoidance more than other types of avoidance. The amount of use of other types of deviance and their consequences are also examined in the article. Due to these deviations, Dehkhoda expresses his meaning in an innovative and different way with ordinary words and in the most beautiful way.Also, putting the verb before other elements of the sentence is one of the most frequent examples of syntactic deviation in Dehkhoda's poetry. By using this method, he has evoked a kind of verbism and emphasis on the action instead of the agent.