Ergonomic Evaluation of Relationship between Electromyographic Activity in Selected Trunk Muscles and Back Discomfort While Working with a Laptop in a Sitting Position

Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders leading to disability around the world. Several studies have suggested that prolonged computer/ laptop work contributes to the development of low back pain and discomfort. The results of the studies conducted on the association of back discomfort and muscle activity are contradictory. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the relationship between the activity level and relative rest time of the trunk muscles with back discomfort while working with a laptop in a sitting position.

First, 20 young healthy males performed laptop work including mouse work and typing in conventional and ergonomic setups. In the ergonomic setup, the screen height and keyboard placement were specifically adjusted for each individual. In addition, the electromyographic activity of the lumbar erector spinae, right and left multifidus and transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique muscles, and the posture of the lumbar spine were recorded in the first and last two minutes of an 8-min task. After the end of each task, the participants scored their back discomfort.

The results showed a positive correlation (r=0.57 and p=0.009) between back discomfort and the EMG amplitude of the lumbar erector spinae muscle. In addition, back discomfort was negatively correlated to the relative rest time of the multifidus muscle (r=0.50 and p=0.023), and a positive correlation was reported with the relative rest time of the transversus and rectus abdominis (r=0.47, p=0.039, and r=0.45, p=0.049, respectively).

The relative rest time of the trunk muscles may be a better index than that of the EMG amplitude to highlight the risk factors for back discomfort. However, a causative link between muscle activity and discomfort cannot be implied from this study. The current results do not undermine the role of other factors associated with the increased level of discomfort during sitting.