Spatial variation of the (moist) damp soil properties in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

The present study aims to reveal about spatial variations in order to assess soil moisture at field capacity as well as the point of wilt and ready water in the soil of Qadisiyah Province, Iraq, variation of those properties are illustrated among the surface appearances in the province according to the cases and determine the reasons of spatial variations of those characteristics because of its great importance. Spatial search boundaries were represented at Al-Qadisiyah governorate, representing the middle Euphrates region. The study area extends between two viewing circles, i.e.,  31º 6ʹ 17ʺ and 32º 42ʹ north , and also  longitude 34º 44ʹ and 45º 6ʹ 49ʺ east. Administrative boundaries are formed for the study area shared borders with five provinces including  Babylon from the north and Muthanna from the south, as for the governorate of wasit and Dhi Qar, which is bordered from the east and north east, while bordered Najaf Province from the west. The study was based on collecting and analyzing samples from 164 depth sites including  30-0 and 60-30 cm and distributed between the following points including soils of the rivers and their basins, lowlands, Al- Dalamj, sandy dunes, sandy soils and the western plate soil. It was found that there is a variation in their values in the soil of the Qadisiyah governorate due to an effect of a group of factors, the most important of which are climate and natural vegetation and agricultural practices by farmers and not to use the agricultural cycle from what resulted in variation in soil moisture values at field capacity withering point and ready water in Al- Qadisiyah governorate soil.