Sodium Bicarbonate versus Statins to Prevent Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Comprehensive Review

Iodinated contrast agents are commonly used in diagnostic radiography techniques along with therapeutic interventions. Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) is a significant problem of all angiographic procedures, triggered by the use of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM). There are conflicting data concerning the prevention and treatment of CIAKI. Numerous approaches have been studied to prevent CI-AKI, but the therapy of choice remains undetermined. The cornerstones of CI-AKI prevention include low-osmolar ICM and intravenous hydration. The recommended hydration must be achieved by means of an isotonic solution of saline. Statins were tested against AKI due to their anti-inflammatory action and antioxidant effect on endothelial function. Novel approaches are required to investigate the short-term effects of high dosage atorvastatin versus sodium bicarbonate on CI-AKI prevention. The objective of this review is to compare the findings of various studies that had applied different doses of statins, sodium bicarbonate, and other agents for preventing CI-AKI.