Effects of doping metal nanoparticles in hydroxyapatite in Improving the physical and chemical properties of dental implants

There are strong proofs for the therapeutic benefits of dental implants utility in regards to the replacement of dental elements throughout the treatment of complete or partial edentulism. Many materials were used for the manufacturing of dental implants throughout the history of this field. Hydroxyapatite is one of the popular structures due to being highly biocompatible, however, its poor stability fences its application. Therefore, the approach of doping with other structures, such as metal nanoparticles, can be proposed to circumvent this obstacle. Various metal nanoparticles are exerted in the role of dopants, which include manganese, silver, magnesium ,cobalt, zinc, silicon, strontium, lithium,cerium, yttrium, neodymium, hafnium, erbium, and cadmium. According to available evidences, the doping of metal nanoparticles with hydroxyapatite can improve the obtained mechanical stability, biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, osteoinductivity, the integrity of bone tissues, antibacterial properties, and other features, which is effective in increasing their potential applications. Apart from the offered benefits, the process of doping metal nanoparticles in dental implants is still in its infancy and struggles with several challenges.