Investigating the conceptual metaphor of time in the poetry of Hafez and Jahan Malek Khatoon

Time is an abstract concept and its essence has always been of interest to philosophers and scientists from the Greek period to the present day. But cognitive sciences’ scientists have dealt with how to perceive time and how the human mind perceives time. Based on the extensive research, they have concluded that the mind perceives abstract and obscure matters such as time through conceptual metaphor. In the present study, the poems of Hafez and Jahan Malek Khatoon have been examined from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor of time and its purpose is to find out that, these two poets have used the conceptual metaphor of time to convey what concepts?

It is in the form of in-text citation evidence and its scope includes all Persian verses of the two mentioned poets.

According to the studies done in the poetry of both poets, time has a high importance and position, meanwhile, Hafez has a special look at time, so that time and its meanings are reflected in most of his verses. In the Divan of Hafez and Jahan Malek Khatoon, in addition to showing the time of events, attention has been paid to the valuable aspect of time which has been conceptualized in the form of valuable, exquisite and irreplaceable object. In addition, through the conceptual metaphor of time, concepts such as: regret over lost days, punctuality, hope, spending moments happily, not wasting life with sadness have been addressed.

It seems that some of the verses related to the conceptual metaphor of time in the divan of both poets reflect their intellectual view and worldview, which originates from the conceptual system that has overshadowed their intellectual structure; In Jahan Malek Khatoon’s Diven, this part of the verses is composed mainly in the form of recognition and reflects the events that happened to her. She considers time to be a corrupt, destructive, unfaithful companion, a thief, an oppressor and a tyrant. The conceptual metaphor of time in Hafez"s Divan according to Hafez"s multidimensional personality, his mastery over Islamic and mystical culture, passion and poetic creativity, intellectual and philosophical contemplation, expresses hope, seizing opportunities, happy mood, ideal time and Khayyami thoughts Which is conceptualized through metaphor.