Investigation of the Lethal Effect of Purified Arginine Deiminase Purified from Lactobacillus plantarum p5 on Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma and Vero cell Lines

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases facing humanity, so we urgently need to find a cure which is rarely harmful to the patient as much as possible. It has been approved that arginine deiminase (ADI) can hydrolyze the plasma arginine to citrulline. This hydrolysis activity and reduction in the amount of inter cellular argenine suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. On the other hand arginine depletion, arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase, Therefore, ADI has considered as a powerful anticancer agents. The aim of the current study was to investigate the lethal effects of ADI purified from Lactobacillus plantarum p5 strain on murine mammary adenocarcinoma and vero cell lines. Anti-proliferative activity of ADI against murine mammary adenocarcinoma )AMN3) cell line was evaluated after different incubation time (3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h) of exposure to 1 µg/mL of ADI compared with Vero (none cancer cell line ) transformed cell line with same conditions. Autophagy process in cancer cells was recognized after three hours of incubation with ADI which was clearly observed in AMN3 cell line under inverted microscope. First stages of programmed cell death (apoptosis) pathway was only observed in AMN3 cells after 24 h of incubation with ADI and this process continued with the time until they reached to last stages of apoptosis after 72 h of incubation. The results of the current study showed that the AMN3 cell line was auxotrophic for arginine because it couldn't produce it in the presence of enzyme which had a robust activity to kill these cancer cells, but Vero none cancer cell line was survive in the presence of ADI because it had the ability to produce arginine.