Binary Oppositions with the Macro Symbol of Hawk in Masnavi and Sonnets of Shams

In Saussure's and Structural linguistics, the binary oppositions stem from the bipolarity of the logic of human mind and language and then are used in other sign systems. Thus, in sign systems, such as literary texts, oppositions are one of the most fundamental signs and patterns of analysis that provide the basis for understanding the subjective concepts. In this essay, the micro-textual oppositions in the Masnavi and the sonnets of Shams were extracted using binary oppositions with macro symbols and then were analyzed and compared. The findings showed that the binary oppositions in Masnavi, which were made by the macro symbols, are often within a logical and natural relationship with each other and share common themes. In most cases, macro symbols symbolize the divine and spiritual spirit, and in these meanings Rumi puts the spiritual world in contrast with the physical world. But in the sonnets, the animals in opposition with hawk are different. Also, norm-breaking and the abnormal relationship in opposing relations are both more frequent and more prominent in terms of frequency and diversity, and consequently natural and abnormal interactive images are more frequent and more diverse. The abnormalities mostly refer to the elimination of opposites and the unification of opposing poles or the displacement of positive and negative poles in different ways. There are examples of conflict and abnormalities in both texts with similar and common themes and in some cases the oppositions have been processed only in one of the two texts studied.