Analysis of energy consumption trends and water extraction technologies from the main watersheds of Iran and review of solutions for the use of renewable energy technologies

Iran has long suffered from water shortages and insufficient rainfall. Due to this, the Iranians started to build agricultural wells to obtain suitable water for agriculture. With the advancement of technology and the advent of electricity and electric motors, the use and drilling of agricultural wells took on a new form. Today, it is observed throughout Iran that using various technologies, wells with many deep and semi-deep depths have been drilled throughout the country, which, in addition to its benefits for farmers, also poses many problems in terms of effects. They create an environment on groundwater aquifers. In 2017, electricity consumption in this area was about 37,285 GWh, which is 15% of the total electricity in the country, which shows a high figure. Another important point is that this figure has grown so much in recent years that it has risen from 11079 GWh or 10.8% in 2001. Given this, in this study, we intend to address the trend of agricultural wells in Iran and suggestions to reduce this amount of energy consumption. In this regard, methods to reduce the consumption of agricultural irrigation systems, improve performance, or use a diesel pump or solar power are examined. This analysis is based on the 5 main watersheds of the country.