Investigation of Transplanting and Direct Cultivation of Rice in terms of Yield and Yield Parameters under Different Irrigation Systems

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and after wheat has the second place in terms of annual production. Considering the importance of yield per unit area in agriculture, this study aimed to investigate the effect of direct cultivation and transplanting on yield and yield components of rice under different irrigation systems as split plot based on randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Research Station of Golestan province in 2019 and 2020. According to the results, there was a significant difference in terms of irrigation and planting method for all studied traits. The results of mean comparison of cultivation method showed that the highest and lowest amount of grain yield were obtained for the treatments of puddled transplanted and direct seeding, which were equal to 7506 and 4284 kg/ha, respectively. Also, according to the results of mean comparison of irrigation method, the highest grain yield was 6899 kg/ha, which was obtained for the permanent flood irrigation system, and there was a significant difference with other treatments in the level of 5% probability of LSD test. Grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with harvest index, plant height, number of fertile tillers, panicle length and number of full grains per panicle equal to 0.89, 0.87, 0.75, 0.53 and 0.73, respectively and had a negative and significant correlation with the number of empty grains per panicle equal to 0.81. According to the results, sprinkler irrigation system had the lowest values in terms of number of full grains per panicle, number of fertile tillers, panicle length and consequently grain yield compared to other irrigation treatments. Also, transplanting cultivation methods performed better than direct seeding cultivation method in terms of yield and yield components.