The Position of Geometry in the Art of Architecture of Safavid mosques with the approach of sacred art (Case study: Isfahan)

Valuable Iranian architecture has always followed certain principles in different periods to suit different conditions and has reflected those conditions. On the other hand, Iranian mosques have always been a symbol of the beautiful of glory of Iranian architecture, which is becoming more apparent in the Safavied dynasty1 . Geometry and the use of geometric patterns2 as one of the foundations of traditional architecture, in its symbolic and philosophical sense, have a psychological effect on the worshiper and strengthening the sense of oneness in mosques. The harmony in the religious buildings of the Safavid era reflects the pure geometry of this era. The present study has been carried out aimed to investigate the position of geometry in the architecture of Safavid mosques with the approach of sacred art. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data were collected by library and field methods. This study has examined the sacred art in the mosques of Imam3 and Sheikh Lotfollah4 in Isfahan after examining the characteristics of sacred art and geometry based on shapes and numbers. According to the results, the geometric order in the plans of both mosques is based on square, rectangular and circular shapes, and the geometric order of the numbers is zero, three, four and five. Sacred art has been observed in these mosques based on the art of geometry and the principles of order, balance, harmony, symmetry and proportion.