A review on the properties of the Iron Oxide nanoparticles coated with different materials used in biomedical applications

As a consequence of special properties such as superparamagnetic behavior, low toxicity, biocompatibility, numerous ways of synthesis and surface modification capability with diverse materials, nowadays Iron Oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely utilized in a great deal of scientific fields, as well as biomedicine. However, agglomerations formation and broad particle size distribution, beside rapid oxidation are still a challenge of these nano-sized particles. In this regard, several routes of synthesis and many chemicals in order to modify IONPs surface have been proposed so as to enhance their properties and increase their potency. Therefore, in this research based on previous articles and studies, the benefits and the drawbacks of various routes of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis, surface modification of the produced nanoparticles with different components, the applications of the modified nanoparticles along with the leading challenges are discussed. In addition, suggestions offered by other biomedical researchers and scientists to intensify their performance and their effectiveness in-vitro and in-vivo are stated in the following.