A Critical Study on the Readings of the Ash'arite, Mu'tazelite, and Imamiyyeh Commentators Concerning the Relationship between Will of Man and Divine Will in Verse 30 of Surah Al-Insan

Free will or determinism is a debate that has engaged Muslims' minds since the first years of the rise of Islam and led to the emergence of various theological theories. There are three fundamental approaches to this issue. According to the first view, man is subject to determinism. Based on the second theory, man has freedom of will. The third theory, developed by the Imamiyyeh, is the proof of God's Providence and man's providence simultaneously. Under this view, the apparent contradiction between man's providence and God's Providence is solved, and man's freedom of will is proved parallel to God's will. The current study, which was prepared by the library (desk) collection method and descriptive-analytical and critical processing, seeks to present the statement of free in the determinism and free will through the review, analysis, and critique of these three theological views and their manifestation in the interpretations given by verse 30 of Surah Al-Insan (Man), and reveal the falseness of other statements. The study's findings indicate that the most important criticism on determinists is the disregard for divine wisdom, and the most fundamental objection to the delegation theory is to limit the power and ownership of God.