Formation of the Islamic rule of law; Challenges and opportunities in the process of realizing the model of modern Islamic civilization

According to the Ayatollah Khamenei's view, the third stage in the realization of the new Islamic civilization is the creation of an Islamic state, which is characterized by the rule of law. The role of law and rule of law in the birth and promotion of civilization is very prominent. The law is like blood in the veins of society and its strength and the survival of civilization depend on the desired law and the loyalty of individuals in it. For this reason, in the present article, we seek to answer the question in a descriptive-analytical manner: what are the challenges and opportunities in the process of forming an Islamic rule of law as the third stage of the model of modern Islamic civilization? The findings of the study indicate that the existing capacities in Islam and especially Shiite jurisprudence as an opportunity to advance the process of formation of the Islamic rule of law and the inherent and fundamental conflicts between law in its modern meaning and sharia and ambiguity in the relationship between fatwa and law. Among the challenges ahead.