Investigation of mtDNA in Genetic Laboratory Sequences and Methods used in Ancient Genetic Studies

New technologies have increased the ability and efficiency of our methods of extracting DNA from burials. The study of ancient DNA quickly corrected our view of the origins of modern man. One of the amazing properties of DNA is its durability. Most biomolecules are rapidly destroyed after death. However, under certain conditions, DNA can remain for a long time. In order to obtain ancient DNA, there are many molecular methods that are used depending on the type and material of the samples, there are many methods for genetic testing that depending on the type and type of samples, Is used. PCR-based methods are divided into three sections based on markers based on primer detection, which are discussed in detail in this article. DNA analysis can also be used to determine gender. Genetic differences between the sexes are due to the Y chromosome in men; Therefore, by identifying a piece of DNA on the Y chromosome, it is possible to distinguish between male and female burials and determine the sex of skeletons obtained from ancient sites. Human mitochondrial DNA markers belong to the non-coding region of the human genome. A person should be the same as his mother and maternal relatives. The mtDNA trait, inherited over generations of more or less intact, and genetic recombination does not cause new diversity, is useful in tracing families and related generations. Therefore, this genetic component is very important in geoarchaeological studies.