Effect of integrated use of manure, fertilizer and vermicomposton quantitative and qualitative characteristics of local beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Application of organic and fertilizer is one of the optimal agronomic methods that eliminate the defects of chemical fertilizers. Manures can provide at least 30% of the nitrogen needed to produce the crop. Vermicompost is also great influence on the improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Given that many of the efforts that are being made today are in the fight against the consequences of chemical agriculture and regarding the necessity of optimum use of fertilizers, especially chemical fertilizers, this experiment was designed and tested to evaluate the effect of application of vermicompost, manure and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of local bean.

The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in afield located in Chaboksar city, during the growing season of 2016-2017. Treatments included control (without fertilizer), chemical fertilizer NPK (nitrogen from urea 75 kg ha-1, phosphorus from the source of triple superphosphate 100 kg ha-1 and potassium from the source of potassium sulfate), 10 ton ha-1 vermicompost, 10 ton ha-1 manure, 50% NPK+50% manure, 50% NPK+50% vermicompost, 50% manure+50% vermicompost and 50% NPK +50% manure +50% vermicompost.

Results showed that grain yield was not significantly different from other treatments except control. Researchers reported that maximum yield of beans was obtained by applying chemical fertilizers of NPK (Shahgholi et al., 2016). In this regard, research results showed that the highest biological yield in two bean cultivars (red and pinto) belonged to the treatment of 30 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer with 25 tons ha-1 of manure (Masoudi & Hosseini, 2015). The highest seed weight was obtained from 50% manure + 50% vermicompost treatment (37.63 gr) and seed per pod was obtained from 50% NPK +50% manure +50% vermicompost. Pods per plant were not significantly different from other treatments except control the most of pods per plant (7.66) was observed in NPK fertilizer treatment. Highest percentage of protein was obtained from NPK, but was not significantly different from other treatments except control. The results of a study showed that the highest percentage of green bean seed protein was obtained from the application of 350 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer with potassium fertilizer (21.93%)‌ (Nasri & Khalatbari,‌2011). Maximum average gross income in vermicompost and cow manure treatments were 748550 and 697565 thousand Rials respectively per hectare and highest average profit from cultivation belongs to vermicompost and cow manure treatments respectively 664050 and 625565 thousand Rials in hectares were obtained.

Result of this study showed that there was no significant statistical difference between NPK fertilizer treatment and other treatments other than control treatment in grain yield. Also, in most of studied traits, the result showed that of was not significantly different from other treatments except control. Application of vermicompost and manure seems to be able to supply nutrients to the plant at an acceptable level and will have the right conditions for growth and increased yield. According to the results of this experiment, in order to increase the quantity, quality and net benefit of the local bean plant, vermicompost treatment can be recommended compared to other treatments in the lands of Guilan province.