Study of bio adjuvant in increasing the potential to induction of immune responses induced by vaccines

Many vaccines, including killed (inactivated) vaccines and new generation vaccines (recombinant and gene vaccine) due to the low immunogenic effects of the desired antigens, require compounds called adjuvants to increase antibodies, vaccine antigenicity, stabilization of its effectiveness, and appropriate stimulation of the immune system to lead to immune responses. Many compounds have been used for this purpose in vaccines for many years, the oldest of which is alum salts, which are used in many vaccines. However, the side effects of many of the synthetic compounds used as adjuvants have led new studies to design and introduce compounds that lack these side effects and can increase the induction of immune responses. These compounds are called biological adjuvants (bio adjuvants) which, because they are host peptides, have no side effects and have good results. In this article, while reviewing adjuvants, their mechanism of action, as well as the types of adjuvants in the world vaccine industry, the types of bio adjuvants, their structure, and effects are discussed.