Sperm Retrieval in Non-azoospermic Patients with Persistent Ejaculation Dysfunction

Infertility is a common disease that affects 15 to 20% of couples at some point in their lives. Among infertile couples, male factor accounts for 50% of infertile cases. Assisted reproductive techniques are the gold standard approach in case of failure in medical or surgical treatments. Moreover, the role of the urologist in these approach- es is to provide appropriate sperm on the day of oocyte pick-up. However, sperm re- trieval procedure is quite different in azoospermic and non-azoospermic men. Alt- hough most cases of infertile patients are not azoospermic, their ejaculation disorder prevents obtaining sperm for assisted reproductive techniques. This review article explains common problems of sperm retrieval in non-azoospermic patients with per- sistent ejaculatory dysfunction and introduces some management strategies. In fact, it is possible to design a classic approach for managing such patients, which definite- ly reduces the problems faced by clinicians as well.