Protective Effect of Bromelain Against Bisphenol-A Induced Toxicity on the Rat Placental Histomorphometry

Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk of exposure to the circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol-A. Bromelain as a natural compound of pineapple has considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of bromelain on histomorphometric changes of the placenta in bisphenol A treated rats.

In this experimental study, 24 pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) including control, Bromelain (10 mg/kg), Bisphenol A (300 mg/kg), and Bisphenol A + Bromelain. Bromelain was injected intraperitoneally and bisphenol A was administered orally (gavage) between 6th-15th days of gestation. For sampling, at the 20th day of gestation, the rats were euthanized, then the uterus was removed, and the placentas were separated from the uterus. Immediately placental morphometric examinations including placental weight, diameter, and thickness were performed. General and specific staining was used for histological examinations and then the samples were evaluated by light microscopy.

Bisphenols significantly reduced placental weight, diameter, and thickness, the number of giant cells, and the thickness of labyrinth and spongiosum layers compared to the control group. Also, due to the administration of bisphenols, a significant increase in the number of glycogen cells and the thickness of the decidua in the placenta was observed. However, the administration of bromelain with bisphenols improved the above mentioned parameters.

Administration of bisphenol A during pregnancy in rats causes toxic effects on placental tissue, and co-administration of bromelain with bisphenol A can reduce the adverse effects of bisphenol A on placental tissue.