Investigation of Lateral Earth Pressure Distribution Against a Rigid Retaining Wall Under Uniform Surcharge in Single and Two-Layer Soil Through Small- Scale Physical Modeling

In the current study, a series of physical model tests was conducted to evaluate active earth pressure behind a translating rigid retaining wall under a uniform surcharge. Experimental results were compared with the predictions from proposed formulations to estimate the magnitude and distribution of lateral pressures in the failure zone behind a translating rigid wall under a uniform surcharge. The effect of arching is also investigated in single and two-layer soils through small-scale physical modeling and different surcharge combinations.