Extraction and Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead in Aqueous Solutions by Organic Gas Steam Liquid Extraction (OGS-LE)

In this study an efficient, relatively simple and fast method based on the extraction of organic gas steam liquid extraction (OGS-LE) was presented for extraction and determination of trace amounts of lead in aqueous solutions. For this purpose, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) as a complexing agent and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as extracting solvent was used, Also, the effect of parameters on the extraction recovery such as the volume of organic solvent, the molar ratio of the extracting agent relative to lead metal, the pH of the aqueous phase, the extraction time and the temperature of the heating chamber were investigated. Determination of number of experiments, statistical analysis of data and optimization of lead ion extraction were performed using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM).Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification of the method (LOQ) are 0.13 μgL−1 and 0.43 μgL−1, respectively, the relative standard deviation is 3.7 percent and the analysis curve is linear in the range of 0.5 to 10 μgL−1.