Effect of Seasonal Variation on Antimicrobial Properties of Niphates furcata Spongs in Kish Island

Many marine invertebrates, such as sponges, produce secondary metabolites that have some pharmaceutical uses. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial properties and the effect of seasonal variations on methanolic extracted from sponge Niphates furcata against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosus using broth dilution method. The experiment results showed that methanolic extracts of sponge extracted in summer did not show any antibacterial effect on E. coli and P. aeruginosus and did not have the ability to inhibit the growth of the mentioned bacteria, and naturally the concentrations determined could not have any bactericidal effect on the gram-negative bacteria of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosus. In winter, this extract had an inhibitory effect on all four gram positive and gram negative bacteria used in this study, In contrast to methanolic extract from summer, methanolic extract of winter season on Escherichia coli had a bactericidal effect, although it did not show any bactericidal effect, similar to that of summer on Pseudomonas aeruginosus. Comparison of the data shows that the methanolic extract of Niphates furcata sponge has a more severe inhibitory effect on the bacteria than in the winter, although the comparison of the bacterial pathogenic effects in both summer and winter shows similar results, and the concentrations have not shown any bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aerosinosis.