A Comparative Study of Perspective in the Novel Umm Saad (Ghassan Kanfani) and the memoirs of Da (Zahra Hosseini)

Perspective is one of the most important elements of storytelling. It is the narrative through which the reader experiences the story. Based on this view two novels have been selected; Azat Hosseini's memoirs Da in related to Iran's sacred defense and Ghassan Kanfani's novel Umm Saad from the literature of Palestinian resistance. The purpose of the research was to analyze the perspective, tricks and techniques of the two authors or narrators and theireffect on the themes of the story and the research method. The structure of Da is in the form of biography, association of meanings, non-linear and documentary narrative. The structure of Umm Sa'd is based on a linear narrative that is narrated in two realistic and symbolic dimensions. The results showed that the methods of external angle of view in Umm Saad and the techniques of internal angle in Da are more comprehensive. Kanfani uses the inner vision of the first person of the author and the character of "Umm Sa'd" based on the techniques of inner monologue, hadith of the soul, fluid flow of the mind and types of external vision. While using these two tricks, Da also uses more in the field of internal vision, including dramatic monologue, and has less evidence in various angles of external vision. The common vision of the two literary narratives is the first-person view of the inner monologue, the third-person view of the narrative, or the elements of the point of view. In the present study, the authors have first dealt with the angle of view and its types, and then with the techniques of the narrator of the two stories.